Calciphylaxis
Calciphylaxis Definition: Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are disproportionately affected by calciphylaxis, also known as calcific uremic arteriolopathy, an uncommon and frequently fatal syndrome marked by vascular calcification and skin necrosis(1). Etiology: Dysregulated metabolism of calcium phosphate causes calcification of small blood arteries, which in turn causes tissue ischemia and necrosis in cases of […]
Calciphylaxis
Calciphylaxis Definition: Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are disproportionately affected by calciphylaxis, also known as calcific uremic arteriolopathy, an uncommon and frequently fatal syndrome marked by vascular calcification and skin necrosis(1). Etiology: Dysregulated metabolism of calcium phosphate causes calcification of small blood arteries, which in turn causes tissue ischemia and necrosis in cases of […]
Kaposi Sarcoma
Kaposi Sarcoma Definition: Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a rare disease of the endothelial cells of blood vessels and the lymphatic system. There are four types of Kaposi sarcoma: Classic KS, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)- associated KS, endemic or African KS and iatrogenic KS. Etiology: Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) or Human herpesvirus-8- 8 (HHV-8) is present […]
Bullous Pemphigoid
Bullous Pemphigoid Definition: Bullous Pemphigoid is a chronic autoimmune bullous disease that is characterized by tense bullae on normal or erythematous skin (1). Etiology: Bullous Pemphigoid is caused by autoantibodies against hemidesmosomal proteins BP180 (type XVII collagen) and BP230 that lead to the production of subepidermal blisters (1). Epidemiology: Bullous Pemphigoid is the most common […]
Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris
Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris (PRP) is a group of rare, chronic, inflammatory skin disorders characterized by follicular hyperkeratotic papules, waxy yellow palmoplantar keratoderma, and erythematous plaques with islands of sparing. It can affect individuals of all ages, with bimodal peaks in the first and fifth to sixth decades of life, and occurs equally […]
Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris
Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris (PRP) is a group of rare, chronic, inflammatory skin disorders characterized by follicular hyperkeratotic papules, waxy yellow palmoplantar keratoderma, and erythematous plaques with islands of sparing. It can affect individuals of all ages, with bimodal peaks in the first and fifth to sixth decades of life, and occurs equally […]
Herpes Zoster
Herpes Zoster Definition: Herpes zoster, also known as shingles, is a localized, painful, blistering rash that is caused by a reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus. Etiology: The varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a member of the Herpesvirales order of double-stranded DNA viruses, that causes chickenpox. The VZV establishes latency in the dorsal root ganglia nerve cells […]
Pityriasis Rosea
Pityriasis Rosea Pityriasis Rosea is an acute, self-limiting skin condition characterized by an initial herald patch followed by a widespread rash on the trunk and proximal extremities. It commonly affects individuals aged 10 to 35 years, with a slight female predominance. The exact cause is unknown, but it is believed to be associated with the […]
Erythema Nodosum
Erythema Nodosum Erythema nodosum (EN) is an inflammatory condition characterized by the sudden appearance of painful, red nodules, typically on the shins. It is considered a hypersensitivity reaction to a variety of stimuli, including infections, medications, and systemic diseases. EN most commonly affects young adults, particularly women aged 20-40. The condition can be associated with […]